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Area : |
50,362 square kilometers. |
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Capital : |
Chandigarh is the joint capital
of Punjab and Haryana. |
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Population : |
2,02,81,969 |
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Language : |
Punjabi |
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People : |
More than 60 per cent of the
people follow Sikhism, and they are called Punjabi. |
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Economy : |
Highly commercial agriculture and a
diversity of small and medium-scale industries. With less than
2% of India's total area, Punjab produces more than 10% of
India's food grain and more wheat than all other states
combined. |
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Climate : |
The three well defined seasons in the
Punjab are Summer (mid-April to June-end), Rainy Season (early-July to September-end) and winter (early-December to
February-end). The highest day time temperature is recorded
during the months of May and June. It is 40.4 C at
Patiala,40.4 C at Amristar and 41.2 C at Ludhiana. The fall in
temperature is minimum in January, when the mean temperature
falls to 12oC during day time and to 5oC during the night.
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History : |
In the 6th century BC, during the reign of
Cyrus the Great, Punjab was a part of the Persian empire. In
the 4th century BC, Punjab became a part of Chandragupta
Maurya's empire. Followed were Indo-Greeks, the Kushans, Sakas
and the Parthians.
In the 11th century a ruler of Central Asia called Mahmud of
Ghazni invaded Punjab. However, his successors were overcome
by Prithviraj who regained Punjab. In 1192,Muhammad Ghori's
won the battle and ruled this region. Thereafter Punjab was
ruled by whoever was ruling in
Delhi.
In the 15th Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak that became was
widely accepted by the people living around there. Later Guru
Arjan Dev, and Guru Gobind Singh played important roles in the
evolution of Sikhism.
Banda Singh Bahadur, a hermit turned military leader
temporarily liberated the eastern part of the province from
Mughal rule in 1709-10. By the late 18th century, Ranjit Singh
(1780-1839) had built up the Punjab into a powerful kingdom.
But in 1849 Punjab came under British empire. By the late 19th
century, the Indian nationalist movement took hold in this
province. The country saw the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in
Amitsar in the year 1919. In 1947 after the
independence, during the partition
Punjab was split between India and
Pakistan, and the smaller, eastern portion became part of India.
Modern Punjab was established on 1st November 1966 when most
of the Hindi speaking areas were separated from it and
constituted into the state of Haryana. Punjab's
capital, Chandigarh, became a separate union territory but still
remains the capital of Haryana and Punjab. |
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